Assignment Three - Practical Radio News

Newsreader Script Voice Piece 

Teenagers texting whilst driving has caused numerous accidents over the past years leading to investigations into whether younger drivers should be allowed on the roads.

Our reporters Phoebe and Eleanor are Live from South Downs College reviewing the highly discussed issue of teenagers texting whilst behind the wheel.

Cut: Chris1

Dur: 40 Secs

Out: Lavin1

Reporters Voice Piece

Chris: Hello, welcome to South Downs News.

Rebecca: We are here today reporting live from South Downs College, discussing the topic of teenagers texting whilst driving.

Chris: 33% of deaths among 13 to 19-year-olds in 2010 occurred in motor vehicle crashes.

Rebecca: This is a terrifying statistic which is why change must begin as soon as possible.

Chris: We are now here joined with Charlotte, a 17 year old student who's recently passed her driving test.

Rebecca: Whats your thoughts on teenagers who text whilst driving?

Charlotte: I think texting whilst driving isn't good and I would never personally do it. I understand sometimes if its an emergency and you have to reply straightaway than its acceptable to text and drive, but if people just do it for the sake of it then I don't agree.

Chris: If you were in a vehicle with somebody who was texting would you intervene?

Charlotte: Yeah I would try to stop them as they are putting my life and others in danger. If it was say in a traffic jam where we wouldn't be moving for a while then I would maybe not intervene but if I thought I was in danger I'd definitely speak up.

Rebecca: Only 44% of teens said they would definitely speak up if someone were driving in a way that scared them.

Chris: Talking on a cell phone can double the likelihood of an accident as well as slow a young driver’s reaction time down to that of a 70-year-old.

Chris: Teen drivers with involved parents are twice as likely to wear seat belts.

Rebecca: Only 44% of teens said they would definitely speak up if someone were driving in a way that scared them.

Chris: Statistics show that 17 and 18-year-old driver death rates increase with each additional passenger.

Rebecca: I hope you have found this to be helpful and informative.

Chris: So next time you debate texting whilst driving, just remember your putting your life and others in danger.

Chris: And this has been Chris and Lucy reporting for South Downs News.

Rebecca: Thank you for watching, back to the studio.

Vox Pop

(News readers asks the question 'whats your thoughts on teenagers texting whilst driving?')

Vox Pop Response:

I think texting and driving is bad and anybody who considers doing it should be ashamed. I would never personally do it as I think it puts peoples lives in danger. Being safe on the roads is way more important than answering a phone call or text.

(News readers asks the question 'If you were in a vehicle with somebody who was texting would you intervene?)

Vox Pop Response:

I personally would definitely intervene as its my life at risk just as much as the drivers and other people on the road. I have never been in a car where someone has texted and drove but if I did I would feel like its my right to say something so I would.

(News reader asks the question 'Would you ever text whilst driving?')

Vox Pop Response:

No I wouldn't think about doing that. Its stupid and unneeded, answering a call or text should not be peoples main priority whilst driving. I've just recently passed my test and I'm already scared of other drivers on the road purely for the fact of things like texting whilst driving, I just think people shouldn't do it.

Final Radio Vox Pop Piece

Link: http://chirb.it/NC3Pa1

This is the final finished piece of our radio box pop piece, we edited it through Adobe Audition, the changes we made were cropping and cutting certain section, replacing parts with different recordings and manipulating certain responses to fit within the style of a vox pop

Check this out on Chirbit

Evaluation 


Phoebe and I decided to create our Radio piece on a story about teenagers using mobile phones whilst driving - this story was chosen because of its relevance and its importance to this target audience we're aiming the piece toward. We have decided to set our target audience primarily at teenagers - this being about 17 - 18 years old (young drivers). As a whole, these are the people who are at the heart of our story. Despite this, the information we've gathered, this includes facts, figures,opinions and statistics have been from DVLA, driving professionals or Police who are more than likely going to give a very one sided story to the report. We feel as though getting opinions from the people who are the main part of the story would be something we can congregate a lot of information and peoples opinions on thereby creating a two sided opinion on the story and getting teenagers and young drivers involved in something that would be a big part of there lives at the age we're aiming towards.

As well as this, being the same age, we feel that we can create a radio piece that will know what it's talking about and will know what will appeal to the people people and what they want to hear as we are basically directing it at ourselves. By doing this were able to connect with the people were aiming for by having that link. This means we can look at current events in the news and see which ones stand out the most to us thus we'll then have an idea of what people our age are interested in and what will appeal to them as it has come from ourselves. As well as this having the same age range as our target audience is an advantage to us, as this means we can project the news stories out in a way that we know the teenagers watching will enjoy and have a genuine interest in. Not only this, but being the same age range as the people who we're directing these stories for means that we'll have good connection with them, we can know what they want to see and do our best to give it to them.


Teenagers are always interested in these kinds of stories because it will relate to them on a more personal level whether it be through family, friends, experiences or being already aware and wanting to air there opinion. However this story will push the limits and not be afraid to put out the important details that we think will make the teenagers catch on and realise the dangers. Not only this but it will be a reminder or a lesson for them as the relevance of it is massively important. In a day were technology is constantly used, I believe teenagers are becoming unaware of the dangers as it is not put forward to them enough how critical using a mobile while driving can be therefore teenagers can use the as a reminder and a way to make them more aware of the situation. The vox pops are going to encourage young drivers to have the opportunity to bring forward and air there opinion in a way that would be heard especially if they have no other way of telling their point of view.

I feel I have demonstrated a variety of professional practice within my film and radio piece. To start with my filming assignment reflects professionalism as I used a mixture of different and expert angles like cut away shots, long distance shots and close ups. I also made sure the actors and actresses I decided to use for the filming were the best I could find, I wanted the news film to be as professional as possible which is why I choose actors and actress who were up to that standard and what I wanted to represent our news programme. Another example of how my film treatment reflects professional practice is the script. Throughout this assignment I researched a variety of different news programmes and looked into how the way news reporters speak, what they say etc. and due to this made sure the script reflected that. We treated our story like the real thing taking in all aspects and considerations. We first thought about the vox pops and who would be interested, relevant and who would air the most opinion. As we knew teenagers were the core of the story we knew that these would be the best people to get opinions and judgement from as this is also who were targeting the piece for. Teenagers will often care a lot more and have a valid opinion on something that is likely to affect them and people their age so we knew that by asking them we could get a lot of material. We both knew we could take vox pops from people around the college as almost all the teenagers there would be coming up to learning to drive or already driving. We would be able to go out at any point of the day and take small recording from several people with different ideas and feelings towards the situation. In the end we were able to get vox pops from people who were already driving, learning to drive or just had an opinion anyway, which was great for our piece as we could get a range of mixed point of views from people who were strongly against it or people who didn't really mind about texting whilst driving. We asked three questions overall, these were; 'What are your thoughts on teenagers texting whilst driving?', ''If you were in a vehicle with somebody who was texting would you intervene?' and 'Would you ever text whilst driving?'. Choosing very quick fire and simple questions enabled us to get opinions and information from all sorts of people who could answer them in a very short brief yet informative way. This was good for us as we had a lot of people's point of view and it was easier to pick at the best answers and edit them easily. The cue was something we also was able to do quite easily as we just had to pick out the valid points and condense them so that it lead on to vox pops smoothly and in a way that people could clearly understand.

I think overall we gathered and created a really strong piece that has a good story that we could utilize and adapt to the kind of thing we wanted to create. I would say the first strength of our piece as a whole is the fact we had really strong questions to ask the public and this allowed us to get a ton of opinions and points of views that we could turn into a really valid and important set of vox pops for the final story. It was also easy to edit on Adobe Audition, where we had to cut out small speaking errors or pauses. This made for a very strong final piece which flowed like a real life radio piece and sounded very informative. There area few weaknesses and these probably include general things such as if we had more time we would of been able to edit the piece to a higher level and therefore if we needed more vox pops or an improved que we would have the time to gather and adjust it. We also could of had more vox pop questions just so that we had a broader outlook on the subject from the public rather than asking everyone the same three questions. I think as well we would of added an end piece to the story so that we could of rounded it off professionally and make it like the real thing.

Look at the following story from Hampshire Police

-What are the 5 W’s ?
-Is any part of this story opinion?
-Write this story into a piece of copy as close to 90 words long as possible, aiming to use the 3                C’s and 5 W’s

What are the 5W's?

Who.
What
Why
When
Where

Police are investigating a report of an assault on a woman with learning difficulties in Southsea on Christmas Day.

The 25-year-old, who has a rare genetic condition called Williams syndrome, was walking along St. Andrews Road near Hudson Road at around 5.20pm on Sunday, December 25, 2011 when she was approached by a group of boys.

It’s alleged the boys verbally abused and threatened her before assaulting this woman and her pet cat, which was following her.

The woman received slight bruising to her face, and was left frightened and distressed by these events. She went back to her flat and locked herself in shortly after the assault, which was later reported to the police by her family.

The group of boys were described as being aged between 12 and 15. They were riding a number of micro-scooters and one bicycle. One of the boys was wearing blue jeans and a blue top with the hood up.

A Hampshire Constabulary spokesman said: "These were cruel and despicable actions towards a vulnerable woman who is usually trusting of people as she tries to lead an independent life.

"On Christmas Day evening, this woman wanted to prove her independence by walking from her flat to her mother’s address nearby for the first time in the dark. It’s believed that the group of boys targeted this woman because of her appearance and the way she walks, which is as a result of challenges with her co-ordination.

"We are appealing for witnesses to this assault in St. Andrews Road on Christmas Day or anyone with information about the identities of the youth suspects."

People with information are asked to contact Southsea police station by phoning 101. Mini-com users can phone 01962 875000. Information can be given anonymously by phoning the independent Crimestoppers charity on 0800 555 111.


Is any part of this story opinion?

A Hampshire Constabulary spokesman put his opinion toward the crime and said: "These were cruel and despicable actions towards a vulnerable woman who is usually trusting of people as she tries to lead an independent life.

Write this story into a piece of copy as close to 90 words long as possible, aiming to use the 3                C’s and 5 W’s

An investigation is underway after a woman with learning difficulties was attacked on Christmas day in Southsea.

The 25 year-old was walking along St.Andrews road at 5.20pm when it claimed a group of boys - aged 12 - 15 - approached the woman verbally abusing her and brutally assulting the woman and her pet cat.

She was left with bruising to the face. Police say it is believed the group of boys targeted this woman because of her appearance.

Comparison of News Bulletins

Assignment 2 - Law

Defamation




A statement will not be defamatory merely because it is hurtful or upsetting to a person. It must affect their reputation in a damaging way.

Very simply, defamation is to spread bad reports about someone which could do them harm. You can defame someone if you write or say something about them which damages their reputation in the eyes of right thinking individuals which makes people want to avoid them or which hurts them in their work or profession or cause them financial loss.  In more defined terms, defamation (also calumny, vilification and traducement) is the communication of a false statement that harms the reputation of an individual person, business, group, government, religion or groundless criticism. It is usually regarded as irrational unprovoked criticism, which has little or no discrimination against a particular organization, individual or nation etc.

The Defamation Act 2014 reforms aspects of the law of defamation. The civil law on defamation has developed through common law over a number years periodically being supplemented by stature, most recently the Defamation Act 1952 and the defamation Act 1996.

Under common law, to give legal form to defamation a claim must generally be false and have been made to someone other than the person defamed. There are two different versions of defamation these are known as libel and slander. The difference between libel and slander is that libel is the written word whilst slander is the spoken word.

With the development of the press libel became the most widespread form of defamation. When broadcasting was introduced, most legal systems decided to treat radio and television like the press and apply the laws of libel to them even though there word are spoken.

The three main defenses against defamation are:

-Fair comment

-Justification/truth

-Qualified privilege

If an individual is defamed, then he or she has a right to damages for the injury to reputation, as the purpose of the tort is to vindicate and protect reputation. Courts do not only look at the literal meaning of a defamatory publication, but also consider what the ordinary reader or viewer could have understood the publication to mean. This may be different from what the plaintiff intended or what the defendant understood.

Modern libel and slander laws, as implemented in many (but not all) Commonwealth nations as well as in the United States and in the Republic of Ireland, are originally descended from English defamation law. The history of defamation law in England is somewhat obscure; civil actions for damages seem to have been relatively frequent as far back as the reign of Edward though it is unknown whether any generally applicable criminal process was in place. 

Example of Defamation:

The Frankie Boyle Libel Case

After the High Court jury found that the Daily Mirror had libeled Frankie Boyle by calling him a racist comedian, the sweary coming won £54,650 in damages. Boyle, 40 said the paper had defamed him with an article published on the 19th of July 2011 however Daily Mirror publisher Mirror Group Newspapers defended the piece ''on the basis of truth and fair comment'' however jurors ruled in favor of Boyle.

Racism originally meant a belief in racial supremacy and racial hatred but has broadened to include ''belief in racial difference'' and also ''prejudice, dislike or discrimination''

''The term “racist comedian” in particular evokes images of 1970s comedy where the humor was genuinely nasty, the aim being to demean and humiliate minorities.

Boyle’s jokes weren’t like that at all. For instance, he used the word “Paki” in a sketch about Afghanistan, but although some people might laugh at the forbidden word, the joke was about the different value the British media places on the lives of Britons and Afghans. Boyle is someone who makes the occasional joke about race, not a racist comedian.''

The comedian said The Daily Mirror newspaper had misunderstood the context of his use of language in his jokes, adding the accusation of racism ''goes against everything I’ve tried to do in my work, to do in my life''. Boyle argues in court, its all about context: "If I dressed up as Godilla, people would not accuse me of wanting to crush Tokyo myself". Mirror Group Newspapers also found to their cost that Boyle could be charged with all sorts but racism shouldn't be one - they say "there is a difference between Boyle using the word "nigger" when making a joke about the Ministry of Defence and Bernard Manning insulting "Paki" routines from the 1970s: Boyle is making a satirical point about British foreign policy whilst Mannings routines were reductive, unreconstructed and - despite Manning pointing to black members of his audience - based on prejudice". Frankie Boyle won the  after the jurys verdict on an article that described his as a "racist comedia". Jurors awarded the comedian a further sum over the claim in the article that he was "forced to quit" the BBC2 show Mock the Week. After Boyle won his case he said he would donate the money to charity. 

The case involved a large amount of public interest. The Daily Mirror publisher Mirror Group Newspapers (MGN) defended the article made on Frankie Boyle saying that the "racist" description was either true or "honest comment on a matter of public interest". The MGN made the statement believing that it is interest to the public, affecting the rights of the people.

Furthermore, the comedian's humor has often proved controversial with audiences.

Last year, broadcasting watchdog Ofcom upheld more than 500 complaints about his Channel 4 show Tramadol nights, during which he joked about model Katie Price's disabled son, Harvey. In 2008, the BBC apologized when Boyle made a joke about Palestine on the Radio 4 comedy show Political Animal. A year after that, BBC Two's Mock The Week was criticized by the BBC Trust over comments Boyle made on the show about swimmer Rebecca Aldington’s appearance.

Contempt of Court 

Contempt of court occurs when somebody is deemed to have interfered with the administration of justice.

The primary function of the Contempt of Court Act is to protect the integrity of active court proceedings. A strict liability rule is introduced by the Act. Under this rule any conduct that interferes with the course of the justice can be treated as contempt of court even when there was no intention to interfere. When someone interferes with the administration of justice, it will result in justice itself not being properly carried out - it is for this reason that contempt of court is seen as such a serious offence and which results in possible prison sentences - the maximum prison sentence in the UK is 2 years but the law is becoming increasing difficult to enforce due to the worldwide nature of the media. By committing contempt of court you are betraying the entire justice system.

In order to understand when you are at risk of contempt, you need to understand when proceedings are active. The main stage of proceedings in a crime are as follows; the crime itself, arrest or a warrant of arrest, charge, trial magistrates the crown, jury deliberations, verdict, sentence or acquittal.

The are two types of Contempt of Court:

A direct contempt  is an act that occurs in the presence of the court and is intended to embarrass or engender disrespect for the court. Shouting in the courtroom or refusing to answer questions for a judge or attorney under oath is a direct contempt. Swearing in court, being loud, noisy, disruptive, abusing the judiciary/court staff is all seen as a direct contempt of court.

Indirect contempt occurs outside the presence of the court, but its intention is also to belittle, mock, obstruct, interrupt, or degrade the court and its proceedings. Attempting to bribe a district attorney is an example of an indirect contempt. Publishing any material that results in a contempt charge is an indirect contempt. Other kinds of indirect contempt include preventing process service, improperly communicating to or by jurors, and withholding evidence.

An  example of what could constitute contempt of court would be revealing somebody’s identity that had been protected by the courts. A number of high profile celebrities have recently used super injunctions to prevent the press publishing stories about them.

When a super injunction has been granted, the judge has clearly felt that the individual’s privacy should be protected and therefore has granted the injunction. If a particular newspaper were to then publish a story naming the individual with the benefit of the super injunction, then they could be deemed to be in contempt of court and face possible imprisonment


Example of Contempt of Court

Jurors Jailed for Two Months for Contempt of Court After One Posted A Comment on Social Media

In July of 2013, Kasim Davey, 21, wrote a strongly-worded Facebook message during the trial of a man for sex offences. The juror was found guilty of interfering with the administration of justice by discussing a case he was trying at Wood Green crown Court on Facebook, saying he "always wanted to f**k up a paedophile and now i'm within the law" but denied it when asked by the judge. He was discharged from the jury. Meanwhile Joseph Beard, 29, was also jailed for two months for contempt after using the internet to research the case he was sitting on as a juror at Kingston Crown Court in Surrey and then told members of the jury about it.

A judge at Wood Green Crown Court was alerted and Davey was discharged last December from the retrial of Adam Kephalas, who was later convicted of sexual activity with a child.
Beard was found to be guilty of contempt by using the internet to research the case he was on. The jury was trying two men accused of conspiracy to defraud and money laundering last year.

The men were sentenced at the High Court in central London for conduct likely to interfere with the administration of justice, after prosecution brought by Attorney General Dominic Grieve.

The Attorney said:

"Jurors who use the internet to research a case undermine justice. It creates a risk that the defendant will be convicted or acquitted, not on the evidence, but on unchallenged and untested material discovered by the juror."

"Equally, the case of Kasim Davey shows that jurors must follow the directions given to them by the trial judge not to discuss the case outside the jury room, including discussions and posts on the internet."

After the attorney general was given permission to bring the cases earlier this year, Davey and Beard were summoned to the High Court where two judges heard the evidence against them before deciding whether they were guilty.

Public Interest is anything affecting the rights, health or finances of the public at large. In terms of this case, in relation to the contempts committed by the two jurors, there is also a need to ensure that the laws and procedures strike a balance between the public interest in the administration of justice, the defendant’s right to a fair trial, and the rights of the jurors concerned.


Reporting Restrictions

The key aims of reporting restrictions is to prevent the publication of material which might predjudice a fair trial by influencing jurors to think that a defendant might be guilty. Some cases are automatically protected however some are decided on a case-by-case basis. Automatic protection includes;-

Proceedings under the Childrens Act - proceedings under the childrens act means the they must not broadcast anything which is likely to identify any child as being involved in such proceedings. If these restrictions can be lifted or varied the Section 39 Orders prevents the identification of under-18s involved in proceedings before an adult court.

Victims of Sexual Offences - Young victims of rape and other serious sexual offences will have automatic anonymity subject to the provisions of the Sexual Offences (Amendment) Act 1992. Young witnesses to such offences do not receive this protection and so therefore it is at the discretion of the court to make an order under section 39 CYPA 1933.

Prelim hearings in Magistrates Court - A number of rules automatically restrict what can be said in certain early hearings in both the magistrates’ and the crown court. These rules do not apply to reporting trials in the crown court and the magistrates’ court. The courts also have discretion to lift these restrictions depending on the circumstances of the case, including on the application of the media.

-

The laws that restrict the reporting of legal proceedings are numerous and varied. Many relate to the identification of children and the victims of sexual offences. In most cases, courts will order that children who are the subject of or who are witnesses in proceedings and, also, the victims of sexual offences cannot be identified. The restrictions are designed to limit publication of any information that might prejudice a subsequent jury trial, so prevent the reference, for example, to any of the evidence in the case and previous convictions.

-

Courts have the power, even in relation to proceedings in open court, to order that certain material, including the names of parties, should be kept secret from the public sitting in court and, where that is the case, also from any media reporting of the case.


Example of Reporting Restrictions 

James Bulger 


James Patrick Bulger, 2 years old, was a boy from Kirkby, Merseyside, England, who was murdered on 12 February 1993, at the age of two. He was abducted, tortured and murdered by two ten-year-old boys, Robert Thompson (born 23 August 1982) and Jon Venables (born 13 August 1982). Bulger disappeared from the New Strand Shopping Centre in Bootle, while accompanying his mother. His mutilated body was found on a railway line two-and-a-half milesaway in Walton, Liverpool, two days after his murder. Thompson and Venables were charged on 20 February 1993 with Bulger's abduction and murder.


The pair were found guilty on 24 November 1993, making them the youngest convicted murderers in modern English history.

Following the sentencing of Venables over child pornography charges, Mr Justice Bean reiterated the view of the courts that revealing his new identity risked endangering his life. But some media groups argued the reporting restrictions were draconian and an affront to the principle of open justice.

The judge did relax reporting restrictions on naming the region, Cheshire, where Venables lived at the time he was recalled to prison in March this year, as well as the probation service that was supervising him. But Bean reiterated that the reporting restrictions to protect Venables' new identity, his address before he was recalled to prison, his whereabouts now, and his appearance, still stand and are permanent.

However when the two were found guilty, the judge Mr Justice Moreland decided to lift reporting restrictions and their identities were made public.

Social media has had a huge impact on law in journalism over the past two decades of its uprising. What makes social media of particular interests to journalism is how it has become influential as a communicating and news breaking tool. News consumption today is not the same as pre-internet news when people tune in to events happening around the world through 24-hour television news channels. More recently, a growing number of readers, viewers and listeners are going online for their news. Television, newspapers and radio are still here but there is a growing competition from interactive online media. New media technology is also having a serious effect because of its impact on established journalism. The way that public and commercial media means that it transforms the news media into a more open, trustworthy and useful forum for information and debate. As news becomes non-linear and open-sourced, journalism will change and is changing.

Social media networks such as Facebook and Twitter as well as web applications like blogs and

Google have changed the news industry and the journalism practice inside out. They present

possibilities and at the same time a high risk for errors. The challenges social media and

web have thrown to news managements and journalists have been like nothing seen before.

Barriers to entry have been lowered since anyone with a laptop, iPhone or Blackberry can be their own

publisher. They can blog, tweet or facebook it anytime, anywhere.

What makes social media of particular interest to journalism is how it has become influential as a

communication and news-breaking tool. In June 2009, the U.S. State Department asked Twitter to

delay scheduled maintenance on the service because it was being used by protesters angered by the

results of Iran's disputed presidential election. In July 2009, a Twitter user in Indonesia beat most

major news companies by tweeting about the Jakarta bombings.

As the ever changing development of technology has grown it has caused the rise of citizen journalists. Citizen journalists are based upon public citizens laying an active role in the process of collecting, reporting, analysing and disseminating news and information. Social media site Twitter has specifically caused an impact on the legal side of journalism.  Twitter has quickly become an important tool for journalists.When breaking news occurs in any part of the world, users quickly agree on a tag that organizes the material comprising a hash mark and a short word. Once you have the “hashtag”, you can then use Twitters search engine to filter out everything but those tweets that are intending to comment on or report on a news event. 

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